The Driving Test – English

oil has all 3 functions

The pillion should hold on to the driver and sync his body movements with him, especially in curves. Talk to your pillion about this and if he or she does not comply let them walk! A pillion suddenly sitting upright when you lean into a curve can ruin your day!

It's simple - and the right answer already explains it

The answer is obvious

It in fact is complicated and there is no clear winner.

Alloy wheels allow for tubeless tires which are easy to "fix" in case of air loss (apply foam spray)
They are very solid and do not deform easily, but if they do they break and thats the end of the trip. The tires are also more expensive. You can ONLY use tires made for tubeless use on these wheels.

Spoke wheels do not break, they deform on impact. often the deformation allow for careful continued driving. If repair is needed only the rim is exchanged which is cheap. Tubed tires are cheaper than tubeless but the latter can also be used on these rims (with a tube inside). So the selection of tires is larger.
The major drawback is that in case of a flat the procedure to get the wheel off the bike, remove the tire, fix or replace the tube, then mount everything again, is a lengthy one that requires assistance and special tools. For that reason I would vote for tubeless, but that is just my opinion.

Too much oil in an engine can be just as bad as too little. Overfilling an engine can create excess pressure, cause oil leakage through seals and result in expensive damage.

and you also have a look at the disc gauging the wear on it. discs last long but not forever. If they get too thin they can break.

In India the generally higher risk of riding a 2-wheeler is multiplied at night due to less visibility of the road conditions, more drunk drivers on the road, blinding headlights from idiots driving with high beam (many!!), vehicles not using ANY lights when driving, parked vehicles without any reflecting surfaces - and in fact a gazillion other reasons. Just do not do it!

The air gets thinner at higher elevations and so the fuel flow must also get smaller to retain the optimal air/fuel mix. changing to a smaller main jet does that. If you omit this the mix is too rich, you lose power and the engine and the spark plug may get very sotty with carbon residue.

You ALWAYS wear a helmet. It must become automatic, you need to feel naked without! Using someone else helmet is no solution, a none fitting helmet can injure you in an accident and if the chin strap does not fit it is either too lose or does not snap close in which case you really are driving without.
While it is legal to drive in the rear without helmet this is idiotic - why should be apparent by now!

During the day the temperature can vary by 20 and more degrees, in extreme cases by 40 degrees. You may sunbath at noon at 25C and experience -15C during the night (in some cases with snow fall as early as September). For that reason it is important to carry in your luggage cloths reflecting this but only wear what is appropriate at the time of riding.

although each single answer is correct on its own only the last one catches the entire picture

Knocking or premature explosions in the cylinder are VERY destructive to the engine. The usual fix is higher Octane fuel, from 95RON upwards. If that does not help the compression needs to be reduced, there are various ways to achieve that but all require a disassembly of the cylinder.

the fire under the engine answer looks ridiculous, but it isn't - if you live in Siberia and drive oil that is not of the correct weight for the temperature. For example: A 5W-50 engine oil will flow like a 5 weight oil in winter temperatures to protect during cold starts, but maintain the protection level of a 50 weight oil at full operating temperature.

There is more but these are the basics

Busses, taxis and small trucks will take over much bigger and slower trucks uphill. They will have a slow relative speed to the vehicle they are trying to pass and it will take them a long time and therefor they proceed on your track into the curve - usually they give a damn about oncoming traffic and will crash you unless you drive very far left - and because that may not be enough also drive **slower** so you are not forced over the edge should worse come to worse.

if you follow a smaller car that allows you to look beyond it for upcoming curves and big obstacles with a minimum of 10 meter distance at a speed no higher than what is very comfortable given traffic, light, surface of the road and weather - that car will guide you. whenever it sways you know there is an obstacles, when it breaks as well and so on. If others pass you and occasionally block the space between you and your guide - just wait it out, that vehicle will continue to pass your guide as well. If anything very bad should happen to the guide vehicle - the long distance you keep allows for safe braking.

While the momentum may carry you over a small hole it may not - in which case you will crash.
You may attempt an emergency brake procedure BUT traffic behind you may not have enough distance not to tail-gate you. You never brake in leaning position (until you reach serious proficiency)

Western tires are optimized for grip, not longevity. Their rubber mix is the result of extensive research which makes them expensive. Indian tires are cheap and optimized for long life but not for grip.

If you fall on a mountain road which are usually inclined towards the outer side your legs may get stuck under the tank/engine block. Wide crash guards and panniers create space between tank and ground so you can pull your leg out from under the bike.

You may be able to legally own it but you can not register it in your name. You may be able to drive it legally if it is registered in a friends name who has agreed to letting you use it. This is a grey zone. Police has been attempting to exploit it by stopping tourists and asking for huge amounts of money based on the assumption that it is illegal to drive a private vehicle as a tourist but to my knowledge (and google's knowledge) there is no such law. But the tourist must have a valid IDP.